当你在野外拍照时，是否意识到，你的脚印可能会破坏景观。如何在不破坏自然的前提下拍摄照片？请听大自然保护协会科学家Justine E. Hausheer的建议。
请看详细报道↓↓↓
网民正在为所谓的“特别照片”而不顾后果地去一些危险的地方猎奇，自然爱好者们怎样才能负责地实地拍摄？
Social media （especially Instagram） is fueling harm to nature as people engage in a “photo trophy hunt” for the perfect ‘gram shot. How can nature lovers use social media responsibly？
沿路而行
Stay On the Trail
游客以加州的超级花海为拍摄背景，破坏了当地植物。
Tourists using the California superbloom as photoshoot background， which damages native plants.
年夏天，加利福尼亚州出现了超级花海：完美的降雨条件使得全州野花大量盛开。
California experienced a rare super bloom in summer， when perfect rainfall conditions cause a mass－bloom of wildflowers across the state.
此景吸引来大批疯狂的游客，就像年曾经发生的那样，他们竞相拍摄令人震撼的橙黄色山坡。
The event prompted a tourist frenzy， as it did back in ， with visitors racing to photograph the stunning orange and yellow hillsides.
不幸的是，成千上万的游客都想找到完美的自拍角度，甚至平躺在花海中，践踏了大片花田。
Unfortunately， hundreds of thousands of tourists intent on snapping the perfect selfie trampled whole fields of flowers， many of them laying down amid the blooms.
周围小镇的居民进行了反击，试图通过禁止游客进入来保护花海。
Small towns fought back and attempted to protect their blooms by banning visitors.
野花被踩烂了似乎没什么大不了，但问题是，这些花朵还需要播种下一代。为了一张自拍而破坏自然，这件事本身就是不对的。
Crushed flowers might not sound like much， but these blooms need to seed the next generation of plants. It’s just bad form to destroy nature for a selfie.）
在一些地方，您的脚印可能会破坏景观。在死亡谷，毫无戒心的游客经常走过盐滩去拍摄那些惊人的“风帆石”：这种石头会像变魔术般在整个海滩中来回移动。
In other places， your very footprints can harm the scenic views. In Death Valley， unsuspecting tourists often walk across the salt flats to photograph the incredible “sailing stones，” which move seemily by magic across the playa.
但是下过雨后，盐滩变得泥泞，在上面走过就会留下深深的脚印。这种脚印会持续存在数年，阻碍石头的移动，影响后来的拍摄者。
But after rain the salt flats turn to mud， and walking across them leaves deep footprints that can last for years， impeding the stones’ progress and ruining the shot for other photographers.
所以，请务必沿路而行。这或许意味着您将无法获得理想的照片，但这种限制也将激发您的创造力，使您成为更好的摄影师。
So stay on the trail. Please. It might mean you can’t get your ideal shot， but that limitation will force you to be more creative and will make you a better photographer.
停止对照片进行地理标记并清除照片上的GPS数据
Stop Geotagging ＆ Scrub GPS Data From Your Photos
你发表在社交媒体上的照片可能会使一头犀牛被偷猎者杀死。每次拍摄照片时，智能手机或数码相机都会自动为该图像记录元数据：日期、时间、GPS位置等。
Your social media post could get a rhino killed by poachers. Every time you take a photo， your iPhone or camera logs metadata with that image： the date， time， and GPS location， among other things.
在网上看到这张照片的任何人都可以获取该信息，这意味着偷猎者可能距离猎物只有几步之遥。
That information is accessible to anyone who looks at the photo， say， on your Facebook or Flickr album. Which means poachers are just a few clicks away from their prey.
科学家们正在解决这类问题。爬虫学家总是会非常小心地清除原始地理数据，以免非法爬行动物收藏者发现并捕获这些动物。
Scientists are grappling with similar issues. Herpetologists are notoriously careful about deleting metadata， lest illegal reptile collectors find and harvest those animals.
随着学术界越来越朝着开放出版的方向发展，生态学家要努力判断有多少稀有物种的位置信息可以被分享。
As academia moves towards open－access publishing， ecologists are struggling to decide how much location information to share about rare species.
他们还必须保护自己的数据库——在印度，偷猎者试图利用戴项圈的老虎的GPS信息入侵数据库。
They’re also having to guard their datasets： In India， poachers tried to hack into a database with GPS data from collared tigers.
最佳解决办法是在发布照片之前就清除上面的关键数据。
The best thing you can do is to clean your photos before posting them.
我们还要小心那些添加到投稿中的地理信息——也就是地理标签——这可能使我们去过的一些美丽地方面临风险。
We also have to worry about the geographic info we add to our social posts — called geotagging — which can put the beautiful places that we visit at risk.
年，怀俄明州旅游局曾恳请游客停止对照片做地理标记。
In ， the Wyoming tourism board begged people to stop geotagging their photos.
当时，一些“网红”上传了当地原始的三角湖照片，并附上了地理标记。后来，游客们蜂拥到湖边小路以及其周围拍照。
After a few “influencers” posted geotagged shots of the pristine Delta Lake， visitors swarmed the surrounding trails and off the trail trying to “shoot engagement photos and hawk health supplements.”
幸好此类问题比较容易解决——别加地理标记就行。或者，如果您执意这样做，请选择通用标签（如大提顿国家公园），而不是特定地点（如三角湖）。
Thankfully this is an easy one to fix： Just don’t geotag. Or if you do， choose a generic geographic marker （Grand Teton National Park） instead of the specific place （Delta Lake）.
与野生动物保持距离
Give Wildlife A Wide Berth”
短尾矮袋鼠是澳大利亚的社交媒体明星。这些有袋小动物表情友好且不太害怕人类，因此成为了可爱动物自拍照的理想选择。
Quokkas are Australia’s social media celebrity. These little marsupials have a permanent smile－like expression and little fear of humans， making them the perfect candidate for an adorable animal selfie.
但是，意欲拍下＃quokka照片的游客经常用食物诱惑或直接将短尾矮袋鼠赶入镜头内，使它们承受压力，打扰它们的日常觅食行为。
Unfortunately， tourists intent on snapping their ＃quokka shot often bait animals with food or corral them into a photo， causing them stress and disrupting their daily foraging.
对于其他一些物种来说，人类接近它们可能会造成致命后果。每隔几年，黄石国家公园就会出现距离野牛太近的粗心游客上演侥幸逃生的故事。
Approaching other species can have deadly consequences. Every few years， irresponsible tourists in Yellowstone National Park get too close to bison， and are lucky to escape with their lives.
总之，在野生动物周围时还是要谨慎一些。仔细阅读当地的警告标志，认真对待上面的指示，不要小看任何熟悉的物种。
So be smart around wildlife. Read local warning signs， take their instructions seriously， and don’t underestimate familiar species.
请勿使用明亮的闪光灯或声音来吸引动物。另外，切勿触摸或喂食野生生物，即使它们乞求也不能投喂。
Don’t use flash a bright flash or play sounds to attract an animal to you. And never touch or feed wildlife， even if they beg.
人类的食物可能导致它们的健康问题，而过于适应人类和人类食物的捕食者往往会因此遭殃。
Human food can cause health problems， and predators that be